Human Evolution: 2 Million Years of Human Species on One Map

 

Source : https://www.facebook.com/reel/1012024948613248

 

Data Sources:

• Climate, vegetation and ice sheets of the last 800,000 years: Krapp, M. et al. (2021), Terrestrial climate of the last 800,000 years, doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/8N43X (CC BY 4.0)

• Before 800,000 years ago: the states of the last 800,000 years with the most similar sea level, CO2 and orbit. Sea level and CO2: Berends, C. J. et al. (2021), Reconstructing the evolution of ice sheets, sea level, and atmospheric CO2 during the past 3.6 million years, Climate of the Past 17 (CC BY 4.0). Orbit and insolation: Berger, A. & Loutre, M. F. (1991), Quaternary Science Reviews 10, NOAA NCEI Paleoclimatology (public domain)

• Sea level of the last 760,000 years: Spratt, R. M. & Lisiecki, L. E. (2016), A Late Pleistocene sea level stack, NOAA NCEI (public domain)

• Relief: ETOPO 2022, NOAA (public domain)

• Land and lakes: Natural Earth (public domain)

• Population today: HYDE 3.2.1, Klein Goldewijk et al. (2017), PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (CC0)

• Spread of Homo sapiens: the model of our world population video, after Sjödin et al. 2012, Gautney & Holliday 2015, Tallavaara et al. 2015, Ragsdale et al. 2023, Sümer et al. 2025

• Homo floresiensis portrait: facial reconstruction of LB1 by Cicero Moraes et alii, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0, cropped

• Dates of sites: Leakey et al. 1964 and Spoor et al. 2007 (Homo habilis); Herries et al. 2020 (Drimolen); Ferring et al. 2011 and Lordkipanidze et al. 2013 (Dmanisi); Zhu et al. 2004 (Nihewan), Zhu et al. 2015 (Lantian) and Zhu et al. 2018 (Shangchen); Larick et al. 2001 and Matsu'ura et al. 2020 (Sangiran); Toro-Moyano et al. 2013 (Orce); Garba et al. 2024 (Korolevo); Hakim et al. 2025 (Calio, Sulawesi); Brumm et al. 2010 (Wolo Sege, Flores); Bermúdez de Castro et al. 1997 and Duval et al. 2018 (Gran Dolina);